Known for their distinctive and unique patterns and designs, Tibetan rugs are classed as one of the most exquisite and applauded styles of rugs in the world. Made by Tibetan monks for numerous functions, these rugs boast the durability and warmth many rugs do not possess.

The culture of creating Tibetan rugs grew from the inhabitants’ need to produce warm materials for protection from the harsh Tibetan climate. Through time, the original skills and techniques adopted from neighbouring regions developed into its own unique folk craft.

Tibetan rugs spanning over eighteen square feet are traditionally called carpet. Known as Kadian, smaller rugs are popular for both seating and decorating small beds. They are usually 1.8 metres long and 0.9 metres wide. The symbol “ka” in the word kadian is translated as 'above' in english as it is made to be placed above the seat. They are made of beautiful cashmere and felt of many different shades of colours. Used mainly for sitting and sleeping rather than as a floor spreading, Kadian is waterproof, warm and comfortable. This form of Tibetan rug is famous throughout China and is heavily exported to India, Nepal and Bhutan.

Special regions which specialize in Tibetan Kadians are Gyangze and Shigatse. With a history of over six hundred years in producing fine quality rugs, Gyangze is known as the “home of Kadian”. Every family is skilled in the area’s unique weaving technique. Dyes used to create the bright colours are made from local leaves, herb roots and mineral stones.

The materials used in Tibetan carpets are naturally dyed wool, cotton, jute and silk fibres. The fibres on the Tibetan plateau are hard yet flexible and contain long fibres perfect for the weaving of Tibetan rugs. Handspun yarn and vegetable dyes create the naturally dyed wool which is extremely thick and durable for protection against the harsh winters.

The distinctive colours and motifs set Tibetan rugs aside from other similar rugs in neighbouring countries. Strongly influenced by Chinese and Eastern Turkestan styles, the rugs feature dominant backgrounds, vivid colours and strong motifs. The main predominant colours used for patterns and designs are red, orange, pink, yellow, beige, blue, green and white. The background colour is usually only one bold colour. There are only a certain number of motifs on true handmade Tibetan carpets. Some famous patterns are medallions, flowers and rosettes, mythological animals and birds, geometrical designs and ceremonial images.

The medallion rugs feature one to three centerpiece medallions which are usually the same colour. The medallions can be square, round or in the shape of flowers. Animals can also be used as medallions.

The flowers and rosette motif includes two or three large flowers centered vertically down the rug and smaller flowers are scattered around the main images. Lotuses, peony and chrysanthemums are the main flowers used in all Tibetan carpet styles

The Manchurian crane, snow-lion, dragons and phoenixes are the main images used in mythological animals and bird designs. No more than four animal shapes are used in one rug.

Geometric designs are predominantly a paneled all-over layout with flat looking flowers inside square or diamond cells.

Used in monasteries for ceremonies and rituals, ceremonial designs are usually orange or red and are highly sought after by collectors for their sentimental and traditional value.

Every motif and image in Tibeten carpets has a traditional meaning and blessing such as good luck, power and prosperity. The softness and durability of Tibetan rugs have led to its popularity locally and abroad. Hopefully the skills of the Tibetan people will continue to thrive and this valued folk craft will be passed on to future generations.